In this work, ‘meniscus tear’ will be used to refer to the clinical pathology, and ‘meniscus crack’ will be used in the engineering sense to mean a macroscopic crack-like defect in the meniscus, regardless of whether it is a natural meniscus tear or an artificial crack-like defect such as a cut. To aid efforts to prevent and to repair meniscus tears, it is important to understand the mechanics of how they form and grow.Ī meniscus tear, viewed from an engineering perspective, is a macroscopic crack-like defect. Although short (less than 5–10 mm) tears often do not merit immediate clinical concern, they have the potential to grow and become more serious with time. Some in vivo meniscus tears occur suddenly, suggestive of immediate rupture from a single overload event, whereas others grow over time. Furthermore, repair of a torn meniscus, especially when the tear is in the inner avascular region, is not always feasible. Meniscus tears can also cause serious secondary harm, as the most straightforward treatment for a tear-partial or total meniscectomy-further increases the risk of osteoarthritis. Their direct symptoms include pain, mechanical deficiency and increased risk of osteoarthritis. Tears are the most common pathology to afflict the knee meniscus. β = 0.2), but significant strain concentrations, which have the potential to lead to long-term accumulation of tissue or cell damage, were observed near the crack tip. Effective strength was found to be insensitive to the presence of a crack (potential effect < 0.86 s.d. The strain fields were used as an indicator of stress concentrations and unloaded regions. Specimens with and without cracks were tested in uniaxial tension and compared in terms of macroscopic stress–strain curves and digital image correlation strain fields. The objective of this study was to determine if a short crack in meniscus tissue, which mimics a preclinical meniscus tear, (a) causes crack growth and reduces effective strength, (b) creates a near-tip strain concentration and (c) creates unloaded regions on either side of the crack. It is currently unknown if cracks in meniscus have these consequences if they do, this would have repercussions for management of meniscus pathology. In many materials, cracks create stress concentrations that cause progressive local rupture and reduce effective strength. Tears are central to knee meniscus pathology and, from a mechanical perspective, are crack-like defects (cracks).
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December 2022
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